Warshadaha polyurethane: helitaan sare, ururin culus
Taariikhda Horumarinta ee Warshadaha Polyurethane
Polyurethane (PU) waa resin polymer ah oo lagu sameeyay polymerization-ka uumiga ee kiimikooyinka aasaasiga ah ee isocyanate iyo polyol.Polyurethane waxay leedahay faa'iidooyinka xoogga sare, caabbinta xoqidda, caabbinta ilmada, waxqabadka wanaagsan ee dabacsanaanta, caabbinta saliidda iyo iswaafajinta dhiigga wanaagsan.Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa guryaha, qalabka guriga, gaadiidka, dhismaha, daruuraha maalinlaha ah iyo warshadaha kale, waana qalab injineernimada oo muhiim ah.Sanadkii 1937, farmashiistaha Jarmalka Bayer ayaa isticmaalay falcelinta polyaddition ee 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate iyo 1,4-butanediol si ay u sameeyaan xajinta polyamide toosan, kaas oo furay cilmi baarista iyo codsiga resin polyamide.Intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii IIaad ee Adduunka, Jarmalku wuxuu aasaasay warshad tijaabo ah oo polyamide ah oo leh awood wax soo saar gaar ah.Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ka dib, Maraykanka, Ingiriiska, Japan iyo dalal kale ayaa soo bandhigay farsamada Jarmalka si ay u bilaabaan wax soo saarka iyo horumarinta polyurethane, warshadaha polyurethane ayaa bilaabay inay horumariyaan adduunka oo dhan.Dalkaygu wuxuu si madax-banaan u baadhay oo u sameeyay xabagta polyurethane tan iyo 1960-meeyadii, oo hadda noqday soo saaraha iyo isticmaalka ugu weyn adduunka ee polyurethane.
Polyurethane waxaa loo qaybiyaa nooca polyester-ka iyo nooca polyeter-ka.Qaab dhismeedka monomer polyurethane waxaa inta badan lagu go'aamiyaa alaabta ceyriinka ah ee korka ah iyo sifooyinka bartilmaameedka ah.Nooca Polyester-ka waxaa lagu sameeyaa falcelinta polyester polyol iyo isocyanate.Waxay ka tirsan tahay qaab-dhismeed adag waxaana guud ahaan loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro isbuunyo xumbo leh, jaakad sare iyo balaastig leh oo adag iyo cufnaan sare.Nooca Polyether-ka waxaa lagu helaa falcelinta nooca polyether-ka iyo isocyanate, iyo qaab-dhismeedka molecular waa qayb jilicsan.Waxaa guud ahaan loo isticmaalaa soo saarista suufka xusuusta laastikada ah iyo barkinta aan shoogga lahayn.Qaar badan oo ka mid ah hababka wax soo saarka poliurethane ee hadda jira waxay isku daraan polyesterka iyo polyols polyetherka si loo hubiyo dabacsanaanta alaabta dhexdhexaadka ah.Waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee ceeriin ee isku dhafka polyurethane waa isocyanates iyo polyols.Isocyanate waa erey guud oo loogu talagalay esters kala duwan oo isocyanik ah, oo lagu kala saaro tirada -NCO kooxaha, oo ay ku jiraan monoisocyanate RN = C = O, diisocyanate O = C = NRN = C = O iyo polyisocyanate iwm .;Waxa kale oo loo qaybin karaa isocyanates aliphatic iyo isocyanates caraf udgoon.Isocyanates aromatic ayaa hadda loo isticmaalaa qadarka ugu badan, sida diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) iyo toluene diisocyanate (TDI).MDI iyo TDI waa noocyada isocyanate ee muhiimka ah.
Silsiladda warshadaha polyurethane iyo habka wax soo saarka
Maaddooyinka ceeriin ee kore ee polyurethane waxay u badan yihiin isocyanates iyo polyols.Alaabooyinka aasaasiga ah ee dhexda waxaa ka mid ah balaastikada xumbo, elastomers, balaastikada fiber-ka, fiilooyinka, xabagta maqaarka kabaha, dahaarka, xabagta iyo alaabada kale ee xabagta.Alaabooyinka hoose waxaa ka mid ah qalabka guriga, qalabka guriga, gaadiidka, dhismaha, iyo baahiyaha maalinlaha ah iyo warshado kale.
Warshadaha polyurethane waxay leeyihiin caqabado sare oo dhanka tignoolajiyada, raasamaal, macaamiisha, maaraynta iyo kartida, warshaduna waxay leedahay caqabado sare oo soo gal ah.
1) Caqabado farsamo iyo dhaqaale.Wax soo saarka isocyanates ee kor ku xusan waa isku xirka caqabadaha ugu sarreeya ee farsamada ee silsiladda warshadaha polyurethane.Gaar ahaan, MDI waxaa loo arkaa inay tahay mid ka mid ah alaabada ugu badan ee leh caqabadaha ugu sarreeya ee warshadaha kiimikada.Dariiqa geeddi-socodka dardargelinta isocyanate waa mid dheer, oo ay ku jiraan falcelinta nitration, falcelinta dhimista, falcelinta acidification, iwm. Habka Phosgene hadda waa tignoolajiyada guud ee wax soo saarka warshadaha ee isocyanates, iyo sidoo kale habka kaliya ee xaqiijin kara wax soo saarka baaxadda weyn isocyanates.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, phosgene waa mid aad u sun ah, falcelinta waxay u baahan tahay in lagu fuliyo xaaladaha aashitada xooggan, taas oo u baahan qalab sare iyo habka.Intaa waxaa dheer, xeryahooda isocyanate sida MDI iyo TDI waa sahlan tahay in ay la falgalaan biyaha oo ay sii xumaadaan, isla mar ahaantaana, barta qaboojinta ayaa hooseysa, taas oo caqabad weyn ku ah tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka.2) Caqabadaha macaamiisha.Tayada maaddooyinka poliurethane waxay si toos ah u saameyn doontaa waxqabadka alaabta ee warshadaha kala duwan ee hoose.Macaamiisha kala duwani si fudud uma beddeli doonaan alaab-qeybiyeyaasha ka dib markay go'aamiyaan sifooyinka badeecadooda, sidaas darteed waxay caqabad ku noqon doontaa soo-galayaasha cusub ee warshadaha.3) Maaraynta iyo caqabadaha hibada.Isagoo wajahaya dalabaadka moodalka badeecada ee kala firidhsan ee macaamiisha hoose, warshadaha poliurethane waxay u baahan yihiin inay dejiyaan nidaam dhammaystiran oo wax soo iibsiga casriga ah, wax soo saarka, iibka iyo nidaamka adeegga, isla mar ahaantaana, waxay u baahan tahay inay kobciso xirfadlayaal heer sare ah oo xirfadlayaal ah oo leh khibrad maarayn wax soo saar oo qani ah. iyo caqabadaha maamulka sare.
Xigashooyinka MDI: Dalabka ayaa soo kabanaya, kharashka tamarta sare waxa laga yaabaa inay xaddiddo sahayda dibadda
MDI isbeddelka qiimaha taariikhiga ah iyo falanqaynta meertada ah
Wax-soo-saarka MDI-gu wuxuu bilaabmay 1960-meeyadii, laakiin waxaa xaddiday heerka tignoolajiyada, baahida gudaha waxay inta badan ku tiirsan tahay soo dejinta, qiimuhuna waa sarreeyaa.Tan iyo bilowgii qarnigii 21-aad, sida Wanhua Kiimikada si tartiib tartiib ah u baratay tignoolajiyada asaasiga ah ee wax soo saarka MDI, awoodda wax-soo-saarka ayaa si degdeg ah u ballaarisay, saadka gudaha wuxuu bilaabay inuu saameeyo qiimaha, iyo wareegga qiimaha MDI wuxuu bilaabay inuu soo muuqdo.Laga soo bilaabo fiirsashada qiimaha taariikhiga ah, isbeddelka qiimaha MDI-ga la isku daray wuxuu la mid yahay kan MDI saafi ah, iyo kor u kaca ama wareegga hoose ee qiimaha MDI waa qiyaastii 2-3 sano.58.1% tiro ah, celceliska qiimaha toddobaadlaha ah ayaa kordhay 6.9%, celceliska qiimaha bishii ayaa hoos u dhacay 2.4%, hoos u dhaca sanad ilaa hadda wuxuu ahaa 10.78%;MDI saafi ah ayaa lagu xidhay 21,500 yuan / ton, 55.9% tirada qiimaha taariikhiga ah, iyada oo celceliska qiimaha uu kordhay 4.4 % todobaadkii, celceliska qiimaha bishiiba wuxuu hoos u dhacay 2.3%, korodhka sanadka ilaa maanta wuxuu ahaa 3.4%.Habka gudbinta qiimaha ee MDI waa mid siman, iyo barta sare ee qiimaha inta badan waa barta sare ee faafinta.Waxaan aaminsanahay in wareegan qiimaha MDI ee kor u kaca uu bilaabmayo Julaay 2020, inta badan la xidhiidha saamaynta faafitaanka iyo xoog-majeure ee dibada ee heerka hawlgalka.Celceliska qiimaha MDI ee 2022 ayaa la filayaa inuu ahaado mid aad u sarreeya.
Laga soo bilaabo xogta taariikhiga ah, ma jirto xilli cad oo ku jira qiimaha MDI.2021, qiimaha sare ee MDI-ga la isku daray waxa uu soo muuqan doonaa rubuca kowaad iyo afraad.Samaynta qiimaha sare ee rubuca hore waxa inta badan sabab u ah Bandhiga Gu'ga ee soo socda, hoos u dhaca ku yimid heerka hawlgalka warshadaha iyo xooga saarista soosaarayaasha hoose ka hor xaflada.Samaynta qiimaha sare ee rubuci afraad inta badan waxay ka timaadaa taageerada kharashka ee hoos yimaada "laba xakameyn isticmaalka tamarta".Celceliska qiimaha isku-darka MDI ee rubuci hore ee 2022 wuxuu ahaa 20,591 yuan/ton, hoos 0.9% rubuci afraad ee 2021;celceliska qiimaha MDI saafiga ah rubuci hore waxa uu ahaa 22,514 yuan/ton, kor u kac 2.2% ah rubuci afraad ee 2021.
Qiimaha MDI ayaa la filayaa inuu sii ahaado mid adag sanadka 2022. Celceliska qiimaha MDI-da (Yantai Wanhua, Bariga Shiinaha) ee 2021 wuxuu noqon doonaa 20,180 yuan/ton, koror sanadle ah 35.9% iyo 69.1% tirada taariikhda taariikhda qiimo.Horaantii 2021, cimilo aad u xun oo dibada ah ayaa si joogta ah u dhacday, cudurku wuxuu saameeyay isu socodka dhoofinta, iyo qiimaha MDI ee dibada si aad ah ayuu kor ugu kacay.Inkasta oo qiimaha MDI uu hadda wax yar ka sarreeyo dhexdhexaadka taariikhiga ah, waxaan aaminsanahay in wareeggan qiimaha MDI ee kor u kaca uusan weli dhammaan.Qiimaha sare ee saliidda iyo gaaska ayaa taageeraya qiimaha MDI, halka awoodda cusub ee wax soo saarka MDI ee 2022 ay xaddidan tahay oo guud ahaan sahayda ayaa weli ciriiri ah, sidaas darteed qiimaha ayaa la filayaa inuu sii ahaado mid adag.
Supply: Ballaarinta joogtada ah, korodhka xaddidan ee 2022
Xawaaraha balaarinta wax soo saarka Kiimikada Wanhua aad ayuu uga dhaqso badan yahay ta tartamayaasha caalamiga ah.Maaddaama ay tahay shirkaddii ugu horreysay ee maxalli ah si ay u hanato tignoolajiyada asaasiga ah ee wax soo saarka MDI, Wanhua Chemical waxa ay noqotay wax soo saarka MDI ee ugu weyn adduunka.Sannadka 2021, wadarta guud ee awoodda wax-soo-saarka MDI ee caalamiga ahi waxay noqon doontaa ilaa 10.24 milyan oo tan, awoodda wax-soo-saarka cusubna waxay ka imanaysaa Kiimikada Wanhua.Saamiga suuqa wax soo saarka caalamiga ah ee Wanhua Chemical wuxuu gaadhay 25.9%.Sannadka 2021, wadarta guud ee awoodda wax-soo-saarka MDI ee gudaha waxay noqon doontaa ilaa 3.96 milyan oo tan, wax-soo-saarkuna wuxuu noqon doonaa ilaa 2.85 milyan oo tan, koror ah 27.8% marka la barbar dhigo wax-soo-saarka 2020. Marka laga soo tago in uu saameeyay cudurka faafa ee 2020, gudaha Wax soo saarka MDI ayaa sii waday kobaca degdega ah sannadihii la soo dhaafay, iyada oo CAGR oo ah 10.3% laga bilaabo 2017 ilaa 2021. Marka la eego xawaaraha ballaarinta caalamiga ah mustaqbalka, kororka ugu weyn ayaa weli ka iman doona Wanhua Chemical, iyo mashruuca ballaarinta gudaha in la hawlgeliyo ka hor inta aan la bilaabin waddamo shisheeye.Maajo 17, sida laga soo xigtay website-ka rasmiga ah ee Shaanxi Chemical Construction, Gao Jiancheng, xoghayaha xisbiga ee shirkadda iyo guddoomiyaha, ayaa lagu martiqaaday inuu ka soo qayb galo shirka horumarinta mashruuca Wanhua Chemical (Fujian) MDI, oo saxiixay warqad mas'uuliyadda qorshaha horumarka dhismaha warqad la Wanhua Chemical (Fujian) si loo xaqiijiyo Gaaritaanka yoolka wax soo saarka ee mashruuca Noofambar 30, 2022.
Baahida: Heerka kobaca ayaa ka sarreeya saadka, iyo dhisidda agabka dahaarka iyo looxyada aan formaldehyde lahayn waxay keenaan korriin cusub
Kobaca baahida caalamiga ah ee MDI ayaa la filayaa inay ka badato kobaca saadka.Marka loo eego xogta Covestro, sahayda caalamiga ah ee MDI sanadka 2021 waa ilaa 9.2 milyan oo tan, oo leh CAGR 4% ah 2021-2026;Baahida MDI-ga caalamiga ah waa qiyaastii 8.23 milyan oo tan, oo leh CAGR 6% 2021-2026.Sida laga soo xigtay xogta Huntsman, awoodda MDI ee caalamiga ah CAGR waa 2.9% 2020-2025, iyo baahida caalamiga ah ee MDI CAGR waa qiyaastii 5-6% 2020-2025, taas oo awoodda wax soo saarka ee Aasiya ay ka kordhin doonto 5 milyan oo tan sanadka 2020 ilaa 2025 6.2 milyan oo tan, warshadaha polyurethane ayaa rajo ka qaba baahida MDI ee shanta sano ee soo socota.
Weli rajo ayaa laga qabaa xaaladda dhoofinta muddada-dheer ee MDI.Marka loo eego qaab dhismeedka dhoofinta ee 2021, Maraykanku waa dhoofiyaha ugu weyn ee MDI-da waddankayga, mugga dhoofinta ee 2021 wuxuu gaari doonaa 282,000 tan, koror sanadle ah oo ah 122.9%.Zhejiang, Shandong iyo Shanghai waa gobollada (gobolada) wax-soo-saarka ugu weyn ee dalkayga, kuwaas oo mugga dhoofinta Zhejiang uu gaadhay 597,000 tan, koror sannad-sannadka ah 78.7%;Mugga Dhoofinta Shandong waxa uu gaadhay 223,000 ton, korodhka sanadba sanadka ka dambeeya 53.7%.Marka loo eego xogta hoose ee hantida maguurtada ah, mugga iibka guryaha cusub ee Maraykanka waxa uu marayaa muddo ka dib markii uu cudurku faafay, maalgashiga hantida maguurtada ah ee gudaha waxa laga yaabaa in uu la kulmo isbeddelo yar yar, iyo soo kabashada baahida hantida ma-guurtada ah ayaa la filayaa in ay kor u qaaddo baahida MDI. .
Xadka faa'iidada guud ee Wanhua Chemical ee rubucii waxay leedahay ciyaar wanaagsan oo leh faafinta qiimaha isku darka MDI ee rubuci.Qalabka ugu muhiimsan ee MDI waa aniline.Iyadoo loo marayo xisaabinta farqiga qiimaha aragtida, waxaa la ogaan karaa in qiimaha polymerized MDI uu leeyahay habka gudbinta wanaagsan, iyo qiimaha sare inta badan waa farqiga qiimaha sare.Isla mar ahaantaana, faafinta qiimaha isku-darka MDI waxay leedahay ciyaar wanaagsan oo leh heerka faa'iidada guud ee Wanhua Chemical ee rubuci, iyo isbeddelka faa'iidada guud ee faa'iidada qaybaha qaarkood ayaa ka dambeeya isbeddelka qiimaha faafinta, ama waxay la xiriirtaa wareegga alaabada ee shirkadaha.
Kharashaadka tamarta sare ayaa laga yaabaa inay sii wadaan inay xaddidaan sahayda MDI ee dibedda.Xinhua Finance, Frankfurt, June 13-keeda, maamulaha tamarta Jarmalka Klaus Müller, madaxa Hay'adda Shabakadda Federaalka, ayaa sheegay in Nord Stream 1 Baltic Pipeline ay fulin doonto dayactirka xagaaga, iyo sahayda gaaska dabiiciga ah ee Ruushka ee Jarmalka iyo Galbeedka Yurub. la dhimo xilliga xagaaga.waxay u badan tahay inuu si weyn hoos ugu dhaco.Awoodda wax-soo-saarka Yurub ee MDI ayaa ah qiyaastii 30% wadarta guud ee adduunka.Qulqulka joogtada ah ee tamarta fosilku waxay ku qasbi kartaa soosaarayaasha MDI ee dibedda inay dhimaan culayskooda, dhoofinta MDI ee gudaha ayaa laga yaabaa inay keento koror xagaaga.
Wanhua waxay leedahay faa'iidooyin kharash oo muuqda.Marka la eego celceliska qiimaha taariikhiga ah ee saliidda cayriin / gaasta dabiiciga ah iyo qiimaha iibka shirkadaha waaweyn ee polyurethane, isbeddelka qiimaha iibka ee shirkadaha dibadda ayaa ku dhow kan saliidda cayriin iyo qiimaha gaaska dabiiciga ah.Heerka balaadhinta Kiimikada Wanhua waa ka sarreeyaa kan shirkadaha dibadda, ama saamaynta kharashyada alaabta ceeriin ayaa ka daciifsan kan shirkadaha dibadda.shirkadaha dibadda.Marka loo eego qaabka silsiladda warshadaha, Wanhua Chemical iyo BASF, kuwaas oo leh silsilad warshadeed petrochemical oo leh faa'iidooyin isdhexgalka oo muuqda, waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyin kharash badan marka loo eego Covestro iyo Huntsman.
Marka la eego asalka qiimaha tamarta sare u kaca, faa'iidooyinka isdhexgalka ayaa sii kordhaya iyo feejignaan dheeraad ah.Sida laga soo xigtay xogta Huntsman, 2024, shirkaddu waxay qorsheyneysaa inay xaqiijiso mashruuca kobcinta kharashka US$240 milyan, kaas oo hagaajinta aagga warshadda poliurethane ay gacan ka geysan doonto dhimista kharashka US $ 60 milyan.Sida laga soo xigtay Covestro, kororka dakhliga ka imanaya mashaariicda isdhexgalka ayaa gaaraya 120 milyan oo Yuuro marka la gaaro 2025, kuwaas oo kharashyada kor u qaadista mashaariicda ay ku biirin doonaan ilaa 80 milyan oo Yuuro.
Suuqa TDI: Wax-soo-saarka dhabta ah wuu ka hooseeyaa sidii la filayay, waxaana jira meel ku filan oo kor loogu qaadayo qiimaha
Isbeddelka qiimaha taariikhiga ah ee TDI iyo falanqaynta meertada ah
Habka wax-soo-saarka TDI-du waa mid aad u dhib badan, badeecaduna waxay leedahay sunta sare waana mid gubanaysa oo ka qaraxda MDI.Laga soo bilaabo fiirsashada qiimaha taariikhiga ah, isbeddelka qiimaha TDI iyo MDI waa isku mid laakiin isbedbedelku aad ayuu u muuqdaa, ama waxay la xiriirtaa xasilloonida wax soo saarka TDI.Laga bilaabo Juun 17, 2022, TDI (Bariga Shiinaha) waxay xidhay 17,200 yuan/ton, marka loo eego 31.1% qiimaha taariikhiga ah, iyadoo celceliska qiimaha toddobaadlaha uu kordhay 1.3%, celceliska qiimaha bishiiba 0.9%, iyo sanad -12.1% ilaa haddaMarka laga eego dhinaca meertada, wareegga sare ama hoos u dhaca ee qiimaha TDI sidoo kale waa qiyaastii 2-3 sano.Marka la barbar dhigo MDI, qiimaha TDI iyo kharashyadu si xoog leh ayay isu beddelaan, qiimuhuna aad bay ugu nugul yihiin in lagu qasbo majeure iyo wararka kale muddada gaaban.Wareeggan TDI ee wareegga kor u kaca ayaa laga yaabaa inuu bilaabo Abriil 2020, kaas oo inta badan la xidhiidha xasilloonida liita ee rakibaadda TDI iyo wax soo saarka dhabta ah ee ka hooseeya ee la filayo.Marka la barbardhigo MDI, qiimaha hadda ee TDI waa heer taariikhi ah oo hooseeya, kor u kaca ayaa laga yaabaa inuu si cad u muuqdo.
Qiimaha TDI ayaa la filayaa inuu sii socdo inuu kordho sanadka 2022. Celceliska qiimaha TDI (Bariga Shiinaha) ee 2021 waa 14,189 yuan / ton, korodhka 18.5% sanad kasta, wuxuuna joogaa 22.9% tirada qiimaha taariikhiga ah .Meesha ugu sarreysa ee qiimaha TDI ee 2021 waxay ahayd rubuci hore, badiyaa sababta oo ah xaqiiqda ah in wax-soo-saareyaasha hoose ay kaydiyeen ka hor fasaxa, qalabka dibadda iyo sahayda dayactirka ayaa xaddidan, iyo agabka warshaduhu wuxuu ahaa heer hoose sanadka.Celceliska qiimaha TDI ee rubuci hore ee 2022 waa 18,524 yuan/ton, koror ah 28.4% rubuci afraad ee 2021. Marka la barbar dhigo MDI, qiimaha TDI wali waa heer hoose taariikhda, waxaana jira a qol weyn oo qiimihiisu kor u kaco.
Qaabka wax-soo-saarka iyo dalabka: dheelitirnaanta adag ee muddada-dheer, xasilloonida qalabku waxay saamaysaa wax-soo-saarka dhabta ah
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, inkasta oo awoodda wax-soo-saarka caalamiga ah ee TDI ay tahay mid xad-dhaaf ah, heerka kobaca baahida ayaa ka sarreeya heerka kobaca saadka, iyo sahayda muddada dheer iyo qaabka dalabka ee TDI ayaa laga yaabaa inay ilaaliso dheelitirnaan adag.Marka loo eego xogta Covestro, sahayda caalamiga ah ee TDI waxay ku dhowdahay 3.42 milyan oo tan, oo leh CAGR 2% 2021-2026;Baahida TDI ee caalamiga ah waa 2.49 milyan oo tan, oo leh CAGR 5% ah 2021-2026.
Marka la eego asalka awoodda xad-dhaafka ah, wax-soo-saarayaashu waxay si taxadar leh u ballaariyaan wax soo saarka.Marka la barbar dhigo MDI, TDI waxay leedahay mashruucyo balaadhinta awoodda oo yar, mana jirto koror awoodeed 2020 iyo 2021. Kororka ugu weyn ee labada sano ee soo socota ayaa sidoo kale ka iman doona Wanhua Chemical, kaas oo qorsheynaya inuu ballaariyo 100,000 tan / sanadka ee Fujian 250,000 oo tan/sanadkii.Mashruuca waxaa ku jira unug nitrification ah oo dhan 305,000 tan/sanadkii, unug hydrogenation ah oo ah 200,000 tan/sanadkii, iyo unug sawir kiimiko ah oo ah 250,000 tan/sanadkii;ka dib marka uu mashruucu gaadho wax soo saarka, waxa la filayaa in uu soo saaro 250,000 tan oo TDI ah, 6,250 tan oo OTDA ah, 203,660 tan oo ah hydrogen chloride iyo hydrochloric acid.70,400 oo tan.Sida laga soo xigtay bogga rasmiga ah ee dawladda hoose ee Fuqing, mashruuca balaadhinta wuxuu helay rukunka rakibaadda TDI iyo saldhigga qaybinta, shatiga dhismaha qolka rakibaadda TDI, iyo shatiga dhismaha TDI ee qaboojiyaha.Waxaana la filayaa in la hawlgeliyo sanadka 2023-ka.
Xasiloonida qalabku waxay saamaysaa wax soo saarka dhabta ah.Marka loo eego xogta Baichuan Yingfu, wax soo saarka TDI gudaha 2021 wuxuu noqon doonaa ilaa 1.137 milyan oo tan, oo u dhiganta heerka hawlgalka sanadlaha ah ee ku saabsan 80%.In kasta oo awoodda wax-soo-saarka TDI-da caalamiga ahi ay xad dhaaf tahay, haddana sannadka 2021, tas-hiilaadka TDI ee gudaha iyo dibaddaba waxa saamayn doona heerar kala duwan cimilada aadka u daran, sahayda alaabta ceeriin iyo guul-darrooyinka farsamada, wax-soo-saarka dhabta ahi wuu ka hooseeyaa sidii la filayey, iyo agabka warshadaha hoos u sii wad.Sida laga soo xigtay Baichuan Yingfu, bishii Juun 9, 2022, oo ay saameysay shaqo joojinta darawallada xamuulka maxalliga ah ee Kuuriyada Koonfureed, qalabka deegaanka ee Hanwha TDI (50,000 tan halkii set) ayaa la dhimay culeyska, iyo keenista ilaha Kumho MDI dib ayaa loo dhigay, taas oo waxay saamaysay alaabtii poliurethane ee dhawaanta ilaa xad.dekedda.Isla mar ahaantaana, warshado badan ayaa la filayaa inay dib u habeyn ku sameeyaan bisha Juun, iyo saadka guud ee TDI waa cidhiidhi.
Sida laga soo xigtay xogta Baichuan Yingfu, isticmaalka dhabta ah ee TDI sanadka 2021 wuxuu noqon doonaa ilaa 829,000 tan, koror sanadle ah oo ah 4.12%.Qaybta hoose ee TDI inta badan waa badeecooyinka isbuunyada sida alaabta guriga ee korsan.2021, isbuunyada iyo alaabadu waxay xisaabin doonaan 72% isticmaalka TDI.Laga soo bilaabo 2022, heerka kobaca baahida TDI ayaa hoos u dhacday, laakiin sida qulqulka hoose sida alaabta guriga ee korsan iyo dunta ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah uga soo kabanaya cudurka faafa, isticmaalka TDI ayaa la filayaa inuu sii wado inuu koro.
ADI iyo isocyanates kale oo takhasus leh: suuqyada cusub iyo kuwa soo baxaya
Suuqa ADI ee goobta dahaarka ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u furmaya
Marka la barbardhigo isocyanates aromatic, aliphatic iyo alicyclic isocyanates (ADI) waxay leeyihiin sifooyin iska caabin cimilo oo xoog leh iyo huruud yar.Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) waa ADI caadiga ah, kaas oo aan midab lahayn ama wax yar huruud ah, waana mawjad hoose, dareere ur ur leh oo heerkulka qolka ah.Sida alaabta ceeriin ee wax soo saarka ee polyurethane, HDI waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in wax soo saarka ee poliurethane (PU) varnishes iyo daahan heer sare ah, dahaarka nadiifinta baabuurta, daahan caag ah, daahan alwaax heerka sare ah, daahan warshadaha iyo daahan ka hortagga daxalka. iyo sidoo kale elastomers, xabagta, wakiilada dhamaystirka dharka, iwm. Marka lagu daro iska caabbinta saliidda iyo xirashada caabbinta, daahan PU ee la helay ayaa leh sifooyinka jaalaha ah, ilaalinta midabka, caabbinta nuurad, iyo caabbinta dibadda.Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in wakiilka daaweynta rinjiga, koollada sare ee polymer, koollada hoose ee koollada daabacaadda, daahan collar copolymer, xabagta enzyme go'an, iwm Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) sidoo kale waa ADI si ballaaran loo isticmaalo.Sida alaabta ceeriin ee wax soo saarka poliurethane, IPDI waxay ku habboon tahay soo saarista polyurethane leh xasilooni iftiin wanaagsan, caabbinta cimilada iyo sifooyin farsamo oo aad u fiican.Si gaar ah ugu habboon soo saarista elastomers, dahaarka biyaha ka dhasha, kala firdhinta polyurethane iyo acrylates urethane-la sawiran oo la sawiran karo.
Qaar ka mid ah alaabta ceeriin ayaa la soo dhoofiyaa, qiimaha ADI-na guud ahaan wuu ka sarreeyaa kan MDI iyo TDI.Qaadashada HDI oo leh saamiga suuqa ugu sarreeya ee ADI-yada tusaale ahaan, hexamethylenediamine waa alaabta ceeriin ee ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka HDI.Hadda, 1 tan oo HDI ah ayaa la soo saaray qiyaastii 0.75 tan oo hexanediamine ayaa la cunay.Inkasta oo meelaynta adiponitrile iyo hexamethylene diamine ay sii socoto inay hore u socoto, wax soo saarka HDI ee hadda jira ayaa wali ku tiirsan adiponitrile iyo hexamethylene diamine oo laga keeno, iyo qiimaha guud ee alaabta ayaa ah mid aad u sarreeya.Marka loo eego xogta Shabakadda Kiimikada ee Tiantian, celceliska qiimaha HDI ee sannadlaha ah ee 2021 waa qiyaastii 85,547 yuan/ton, koror sannad-sannadka ah 74.2%;celceliska qiimaha sanadlaha ee IPDI waa ilaa 76,000 yuan/ton, korodhka sanad-sannad ka ah 9.1%.
Kiimikada Wanhua waxay noqotay soosaarka labaad ee ADI ee adduunka
Awoodda wax-soo-saarka ADI si joogto ah ayaa loo balaariyay, iyo Wanhua Kiimikada waxay horumar ka samaysay HDI iyo alaabooyinka, IPDI, HMDI iyo alaabooyin kale.Marka loo eego xogta Xarunta Cilmi-baarista Warshadaha ee Xinjie, wadarta guud ee awoodda wax-soo-saarka warshadaha ADI ee caalamiga ah waxay gaari doontaa 580,000 tan / sannadkii 2021. Sababtoo ah caqabadaha sare ee gelitaanka warshadaha, waxaa jira shirkado yar oo adduunka ah oo soo saari kara ADI. baaxad weyn, oo ay ku jiraan Covestro, Evonik, BASF ee Jarmalka, Asahi Kasei ee Japan, Wanhua Chemical, iyo Rhodia ee Faransiiska, kuwaas oo Covestro uu yahay alaab-qeybiyaha ADI ee ugu weyn adduunka oo leh awood wax soo saar sanadle ah oo ah 220,000 tan, waxaana ku xigta Wanhua Chemical oo leh awood wax-soo-saar sanadeed ilaa 140,000 oo tan.Iyadoo Wanhua Ningbo's 50,000-ton/sanad HDI warshad la geliyey wax soo saarka, Wanhua Chemical's awoodda wax soo saarka ADI waa la sii wanaajin doonaa.
Isocyanates gaar ah iyo kuwa la beddelay ayaa sii wada si ay u gaaraan horumarro.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, dalkaygu isocyanates-dhaqameedka udgoonka (MDI, TDI) ayaa ku jira booska hogaaminaya adduunka.Waxaa ka mid ah isocyanates aliphatic (ADI), HDI, IPDI, HMDI iyo alaabada kale waxay ku guulaysteen tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka madax-bannaan, XDI, PDI iyo kuwa kale oo gaar ah ayaa soo galay marxaladda tijaabada, TDI -TMP iyo isocyanates kale oo la beddelay (isocyanate adducts) waxay sameeyeen tiknoolajiyad muhiim ah. horumarro.Isocyanates gaar ah iyo isocyanates la beddelay ayaa ah alaabta ceeriin ee muhiimka ah ee soo saarista alaabada poliurethane-dhamaadka sare, waxayna door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan hagaajinta qaabdhismeedka alaabada poliurethane.Iyada oo horumarka joogtada ah ee horumarka tignoolajiyada gudaha, Wanhua Kiimikada iyo shirkadaha kale ayaa sidoo kale gaadhay guulo tignoolajiyadeed oo horumarsan oo ku saabsan dhinacyada isocyanates gaarka ah iyo isocyanate adducts, waxaana la filayaa inay ku hogaamiyaan adduunka wadada cusub.
Shirkadaha Polyurethane: dib u soo kabashada xooggan ee waxqabadka 2021, rajo ka qaba aragtida suuqa
Wanhua Kiimikada
Waxaa la aasaasay 1998, Kiimikada Wanhua waxay inta badan ku hawlan tahay R&D, wax soo saarka iyo iibinta alaabada polyurethane oo buuxa sida isocyanates iyo polyols, alaabada batroolka sida acrylic acid iyo ester, alaabada shaqaynaysa sida daahan biyaha ku salaysan, iyo kiimikooyinka gaarka ah .Waa shirkaddii ugu horreysay ee dalkayga ku leh MDI Waa shirkad leh xuquuqaha hantida aqooneed ee madaxbannaan ee tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka, sidoo kale waa alaab-qeybiyaha polyurethane ee ugu weyn gobolka Aasiya-Pacific iyo soo-saaraha MDI ee ugu tartanka badan adduunka.
Miisaanka awoodda wax-soo-saarku wuxuu leeyahay faa'iido weyn, waxayna ku dhejisaa muhiimadda R&D iyo hal-abuurka marka hore.Ilaa dhamaadka 2021, Wanhua Kiimikada waxay leedahay wadarta wax soo saarka ee 4.16 milyan oo tan / sanadka oo ah alaabooyin taxane ah oo polyurethane ah (oo ay ku jiraan 2.65 milyan oo tan / sanadka mashaariicda MDI, 650,000 tan / sanadka mashaariicda TDI, iyo 860,000 tan / sanad polyether mashaariicda).Ilaa dhamaadka 2021, Wanhua Chemical waxa ay haysataa 3,126 shaqaale R&D ah, oo u dhiganta 16% wadarta guud ee shirkada, waxa ayna wadarta guud galisay 3.168 bilyan yuan R&D, taas oo ka dhigan qiyaastii 2.18% dakhligeeda shaqo.Muddada warbixinta ee 2021, Wanhua Kiimikada jiilka lixaad ee tignoolajiyada MDI ayaa si guul leh looga dabaqay warshadda Yantai MDI, iyada oo la gaarey hawlgal xasilloon oo ah 1.1 milyan tan sanadkii;tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka ee hydrogen chloride katalytic oksaydhka ee iskeed u horumartay waxay ahayd mid si buuxda u bislaaday lana dhameeyay, waxaana lagu daray liiska Toddobaadka Kiimikada Hababka ugu wanaagsan ee horumarka waara ee 2021;is-horumarin ballaaran oo PO / SM ah, tignoolajiyada DMC polyether-ka joogtada ah iyo taxane cusub oo polyester polyols ah oo udgoon ayaa si guul leh loo warshadeeyay, tilmaamayaasha alaabadu waxay gaadheen heerka alaabada sare.
Wanhua Kiimikada kobaceeda ayaa ka wanaagsan ta tartamayaasha caalamiga ah.Ka faa'iidaysiga faa'iidooyinka miisaanka iyo kharashka, Wanhua Kiimikada kobaca dakhliga sanadlaha ah ee 2021 aad ayuu uga sarreeyaa ta tartamayaasha caalamiga ah, iyo dakhliga hawlgalka rubuci hore ee 2022 waxa uu ilaalin doonaa heerka kobaca sare.Iyada oo soo ifbaxa dheeraadka ah ee faa'iidooyinka miisaanka iyo horumarinta joogtada ah ee dhoofinta MDI, Wanhua Chemical waxay sii wadi doontaa inay ballaariso saamiga suuqa ee MDI waxayna abuurtaa dhibco korriin badan oo ka mid ah qaybaha petrochemical iyo alaabta cusub.(Isha warbixinta: Future Think Tank)
BASF (BASF)
BASF SE waa shirkadda ugu weyn adduunka ee kiimiko oo leh in ka badan 160 shirkadood oo ay wada leeyihiin ama shirkado wadaag ah oo ku yaal 41 waddan oo Yurub, Aasiya iyo Ameerika ah.Xarunteedu tahay Ludwigshafen, Germany, shirkadu waa saldhigga ugu weyn ee wax soo saarka kiimikada ee adduunka.Ganacsiga shirkadu waxa ay dabooshaa caafimaadka iyo nafaqeynta (Nafaqada & Daryeelka), dahaarka iyo dheeha (Technology Surface), kiimikooyinka aasaasiga ah (Chemicals), caagadaha iyo horudhaca wax qabadkoodu sareeyo (qalabka), xabagta iyo agabka kale ee waxqabadka (Xalka Warshadaha), beeraha (Agricultural). Xalalka) iyo meelaha kale, kuwaas oo isocyanates (MDI iyo TDI) ay ka tirsan yihiin qaybta monomer (Monomer) ee balaastigga waxqabadka sare leh iyo qaybta horudhaca ah (Qalabka), iyo wadarta guud ee awoodda wax soo saarka BASF isocyanate (MDI + TDI) sanadka 2021 waa qiyaastii 2.62 milyan oo tan.Marka loo eego warbixin-sannadeedka BASF ee 2021, dahaarka iyo dheehyadu waa qaybta dakhliga ugu weyn ee shirkadda, oo ka dhigan 29% dakhligeeda 2021. Maalgelinta R&D waxay ku dhowdahay 296 milyan oo Yuuro, oo ay ku jiraan iibsiga iyo maalgelinta kale ee 1.47 bilyan euro;balaastikada waxqabadka sare leh iyo Qaybta horudhaca ah (Qalabka) waa qaybta leh saamiga labaad ee dakhliga ugu badan, oo xisaabiya 19% dakhliga sanadka 2021, iyo maalgashiga R&D ee ku saabsan 193 milyan euro, oo ay ku jiraan iibsashada iyo maalgashiga kale ee 709 milyan euro.
Suuqa Shiinaha ayaa sii kordhaya dareenka.Marka loo eego xogta BASF, marka la gaaro 2030, saddex-meelood labo meel kordhinta kiimikada caalamiga ah waxay ka imaan doontaa Shiinaha, 9 ka mid ah 30ka mashruuc ee ballaarinta ee lagu sheegay warbixin-sannadeedka BASF ee 2021 waxay ku yaalaan dalkayga.Saldhigga isku dhafan ee BASF ee Guangdong (Zhanjiang) waa mashruuca BASF ee ugu weyn ee maalgashiga dibadda ilaa hadda.Marka loo eego siidaynta EIA, wadarta maalgashiga mashruuca ayaa ah ilaa 55.362 bilyan yuan, kaas oo maalgashiga dhismuhu yahay 50.98 bilyan yuan.Mashruucan ayaa la qorsheeyay in uu bilaabo dhismaha rubuci hore ee sanadka 2022-ka, waxaana la dhamaystiri doonaa oo la hawlgelin doonaa rubuci saddexaad ee sanadka 2025-ka, iyadoo guud ahaan dhismuhu uu socon doono ilaa 42 bilood.Ka dib marka mashruuca la dhammeeyo oo la hawlgaliyo, celceliska dakhliga hawlgelinta sannadlaha ahi wuxuu noqonayaa 23.42 bilyan yuan, celceliska wadarta guud ee faa'iidada sannadlaha ahi waxay noqon doontaa 5.24 bilyan yuan, celceliska wadarta guud ee faa'iidada saafiga ah waxay noqon doontaa 3.93 bilyan yuan.Waxa la filayaa in sannad-soo-saarka caadiga ah ee mashruucan uu ku biirin doono ilaa 9.62 bilyan yuan oo ah qiimaha warshadaynta sannad kasta.
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-23-2022