1. Hordhac
Alaabooyinka taxanaha xumbo jilicsan ee poliurethane inta badan waxaa ka mid ah block, joogto ah, isbuunyo, xumbo adkeysiga sare (HR), xumbo maqaar, xumbo adkeysi tartiib ah, xumbo microcellular ah iyo xumbo nuugista tamar adag.Xumbo noocan oo kale ah ayaa weli ah qiyaastii 50% wadarta guud ee alaabta polyurethane.Kala duwanaansho weyn oo leh codsi ballaarin ah, waxay ku lug lahayd dhinacyo kala duwan oo dhaqaalaha qaranka ah: qalabka guriga, baabuurta, hagaajinta guriga, alaabta guriga, tareenada, maraakiibta, hawada hawada iyo meelo kale oo badan.Tan iyo markii ay soo baxday xumbo jilicsan ee PU ee 1950-yadii, gaar ahaan ka dib markii la soo galiyay qarnigii 21aad, waxaa jiray boodbood xagga tignoolajiyada, kala duwanaanta iyo wax soo saarka.Iftiimintu waa: Xumbo jilicsan oo deegaanka u ah PU, oo ah badeecada poliurethane ee cagaaran;qiimaha hoose ee VOC PU xumbo jilicsan;atomization hoose PU xumbo jilicsan;biyo buuxa PU xumbo jilicsan;MDI buuxa oo taxane ah xumbo jilicsan;ololka celinaya, qiiq yar, xumbo MDI oo buuxa;Noocyo cusub oo lagu daro sida kicinta miisaanka unugyaraha sare ee falcelinta, xasiliyayaasha, ololka celiyaasha iyo antioxidants;polyols oo leh nafaqo-xumo hoose iyo kakoobyo alkohol ah oo hooseeya;Cufnaanta aadka u hooseeya PU xumbo jilicsan oo leh sifooyin jireed oo heer sare ah;soo noqnoqda resonance hooseeya, wareejin hoose PU xumbo jilicsan;polycarbonate diol, polyε-caprolactone polyol, polybutadiene diol, polytetrahydrofuran iyo polyols kale oo gaar ah;dareeraha tignoolajiyada xumbo CO2, tignoolajiyada xumaynta cadaadiska xun, iwm.Marka la soo koobo, soo bixitaanka noocyo cusub iyo teknoolojiyad cusub ayaa kor u qaaday horumarinta dheeraadka ah ee xumbo jilicsan ee PU.
2 Mabda'a xumbo
Si loo habeeyo xumbo jilicsan oo PU ah oo ku habboon shuruudaha, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la fahmo mabda'a falcelinta kiimikada ee nidaamka xumbo si loo doorto alaabta ceeriin ee muhiimka ah iyo kaaliyeyaasha iyo hababka wax soo saarka.Horumarinta warshadaha poliurethane ilaa maanta ma aha marxaladda jilitaanka, laakiin marka loo eego shuruudaha waxqabadka ee alaabta ugu dambeysa, waxaa lagu gaari karaa qaabdhismeedka alaabta ceeriin iyo farsamooyinka synthetic.Xumbada Polyurethane waxay ka qaybqaadataa isbeddelada kiimikada inta lagu jiro habka isku-dhafka ah, iyo arrimaha saameeya sifooyinka dhismaha ee xumbodu waa mid adag, taas oo aan ku lug lahayn oo kaliya fal-celinta kiimikada ee u dhaxaysa isocyanate, polyether (ester) khamriga iyo biyaha, laakiin sidoo kale waxay ku lug leedahay kiimikada kolloid ee xumbo. .Dareen-celinta kiimikada waxaa ka mid ah fidinta silsiladda, xumbo-xumaynta iyo isku-xidhka.Waxa kale oo ay saamaysaa qaabka, shaqaynta iyo miisaanka kelli ee walxaha ka qayb qaadanaya falcelinta.Dareen-celinta guud ee isku-dhafka xumbada poliurethane waxaa lagu muujin karaa qaacidooyinka soo socda:
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Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaladda dhabta ah ayaa aad u dhib badan, waxaana jawaabaha muhiimka ah lagu soo koobay sida soo socota.
01 Kordhinta silsiladda
Isocyanates Multifunctional iyo polyether (ester) aalkolada, gaar ahaan xeryahooda qallafsan, kordhinta silsiladda waxaa loo fuliyaa sida soo socota:
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Nidaamka xumbada, qadarka isocyanate guud ahaan wuu ka weyn yahay midka firfircoon ee hydrogen-ka kooban, taas oo ah, index falcelinta ayaa ka weyn 1, badiyaa 1.05, sidaas darteed dhamaadka badeecada ugu dambeysa ee silsiladda fidsan ee habka xumboynta. waa inay noqdaan koox isocyanate ah
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Dareen-celinta silsiladda fidinta waa fal-celinta ugu weyn ee xumbo PU, waana furaha sifooyinka jireed: xoogga farsamada, heerka koritaanka, dabacsanaanta, iwm.
02 Falcelinta xumbo
Xumbaynta ayaa aad muhiim ugu ah diyaarinta xumbo jilicsan, gaar ahaan marka la isku daro alaabta cufnaanta hoose.Waxaa jira laba saameyn oo guud oo xumbo: isticmaalka kulaylka falcelinta si loo uumiyo xeryahooda hydrocarbon ee hooseeya, sida HCFC-141b, HFC-134a, HFC-365mfc, cyclopentane, iwm., si loo gaaro ujeedooyinka xumbo, kan kalena waa in la isticmaalo biyo iyo isocyanate.Falcelinta kiimikada waxay soo saartaa xaddi badan oo gaas CO2 ah:
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Maqnaanshaha kicinta, heerka falcelinta ee biyaha leh isocyanates waa mid gaabis ah.Heerka falcelinta amines iyo isocyanates waa mid aad u dhakhso badan.Sababtan awgeed, marka biyaha loo isticmaalo sida wakiilka xumbo, waxay keenaysaa tiro badan oo ah qaybo adag iyo xeryahooda urea oo leh polarity sare, kuwaas oo saameeya dareenka, adkaysiga iyo caabbinta kulaylka alaabta xumbo.Si loo soo saaro xumbo leh sifooyin jireed oo aad u fiican iyo cufnaanta hoose, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la kordhiyo miisaanka molecular ee khamriga polyether (ester) iyo jilicsanaanta silsiladda ugu weyn.
03 Gel fal
Fal-celinta jelka waxa kale oo loo yaqaan falcelinta isku-tallaabta iyo ka-celinta.Habka xumbo-xumaynta, gelation waa mid aad muhiim u ah.Geling goor hore ama aad u daahday waxay keenaysaa in tayada alaabada xumbodu hoos u dhacdo ama noqoto badeecooyin wasakh ah.Xaaladda ugu habboon ayaa ah in fidinta silsiladda, falcelinta xumbo-xumada iyo falcelinta jelku ay gaadho dheellitirka, haddii kale cufnaanta xumbo-ku aad ayuu u sarreeyaa ama xumbadu way dumi doontaa.
Waxaa jira saddex ficil oo gelling ah inta lagu jiro habka xumbaynta:
1) Gel ka mid ah xeryahooda kala duwan
Guud ahaan, xeryahooda leh in ka badan saddex hawlood ayaa ka falcelin kara si ay u sameeyaan isku-dhisyo qaab-dhismeedka jidhka ah.Waxaan isticmaalnaa polyeter-ka oo leh wax ka badan seddex shaqo oo soo saarista xumbo dabacsan ee poliurethane.Dhawaan, polyisocyanates leh fn ≥ 2.5 ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa horumarinta dhammaan nidaamyada MDI si loo hagaajiyo awoodda culeyska ee xumbo-cufnaanta hoose.Kuwani waa aasaaska samaynta dhismayaal saddex-waji ah oo isku-xiran:
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Waxaa habboon in la ogaado in miisaanka molecular ee u dhexeeya dhibcaha isku-dhafan ay si toos ah uga tarjumayso cufnaanta isku-dhafka ah ee xumbo.Taasi waa in la yiraahdo, cufnaanta isgoysyada waa mid weyn, qallafsanaanta alaabadu waa mid sare, iyo xoogga farsamada waa wanaagsan yahay, laakiin jilicsanaanta xumbo waa liidata, adkaysiga iyo dhererka ayaa hooseeya.Miisaanka molecular (Mc) ee u dhexeeya dhibcaha isku-xiran ee xumbo jilicsan waa 2000-2500, xumbo-adag-yar-yarna waa inta u dhaxaysa 700-2500.
2) Samaynta urea
Marka biyaha loo isticmaalo sida wakiilka xumbo, xeryahooda curaarta urea ee u dhigma ayaa la abuuraa.Markasta oo ay biyuhu bataan, waxa badanaya xidhmooyinka urea.Waxay si dheeraad ah uga falcelin doonaan isocyanate xad-dhaaf ah heerkulka sare si ay u sameeyaan xeryahooda curaarta biuret oo leh qaab dhismeed saddex waji ah:
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3) Samaynta allophanate Nooc kale oo falcelinta iskutallaabta ah ayaa ah in hydrogen-ka ku yaal silsiladda ugu weyn ee urethane ay si dheeraad ah ula falgasho isocyanate xad-dhaaf ah heerkulka sare si loo sameeyo bond allophanate oo leh qaab dhismeed saddex waji ah:
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Samaynta xeryahooda biuret iyo xeryahooda allophanate kuma habboona nidaamyada xumbo sababtoo ah labadan xeryood waxay leeyihiin xasillooni kuleyl oo liidata waxayna ku jajabaan heerkulka sare.Sidaa darteed, aad bay muhiim u tahay dadka inay xakameeyaan heerkulka iyo isocyanate index ee wax soo saarka
3 Xisaabinta Kiimikada
Maaddada synthetic ee polyurethane waa shey polymer synthetic ah oo ka soo saari kara alaabada polymer-ka ee alaabta ceeriin hal tallaabo, taas oo ah in la yiraahdo, sifooyinka jireed ee alaabooyinka ayaa si toos ah loogu hagaajin karaa si macmal ah iyada oo la beddelayo sifooyinka iyo saamiga ka kooban alaabta ceeriin.Sidaa darteed, sida saxda ah loo dabaqo mabda'a isku-dhafka polymer-ka iyo in la dhiso qaab xisaabeed fudud ayaa aad muhiim u ah si loo hagaajiyo tayada alaabta poliurethane
01 Qiimaha u dhigma
Waxa loogu yeero qiimaha u dhigma (E) waxaa loola jeedaa miisaanka molecular (Mn) ee u dhiganta shaqeynta unugga (f) ee molecule ka kooban;
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Tusaale ahaan, tirada celceliska miisaanka kelli ee triol polyether waa 3000, ka dibna qiimaheeda u dhigma:
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Wakiilka iskutallaabta ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo MOCA, oo ah 4,4'-methylene bis (2 chloroamine), wuxuu leeyahay cufnaanta molecular qaraabo ah 267. Inkasta oo ay jiraan 4 hydrogens firfircoon ee molecule, kaliya 2 hydrogens ayaa ka qaybqaata falcelinta isocyanate.atom, sidaas darteed shaqeyntiisa f=2
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Shayga gaarka ah ee polyeter-ka ama polyester-ka, shirkad kastaa waxay bixisa oo kaliya xogta qiimaha hydroxyl (OH), sidaa darteed way ka sii macquulsan tahay in si toos ah loo xisaabiyo qiimaha u dhigma ee leh qiimaha hydroxyl:
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Waxaa mudan in la xasuusiyo in cabbirka dhabta ah ee shaqeynta alaabtu ay tahay waqti aad u badan, waxaana jira falcelino badan oo dhinac ah.Badanaa, shaqada dhabta ah ee triol polyether (ester) lama sina 3, laakiin waxay u dhaxaysaa 2.7 iyo 2.8.Sidaa darteed, waxaa lagu talinayaa in la isticmaalo (2) caanaha, taas oo ah, qiimaha hydroxyl sidoo kale waa la xisaabiyaa!
02 Shuruudaha isocyanate
Dhammaan xeryahooda hydrogen ee firfircoon waxay la falcelin karaan isocyanate.Marka loo eego mabda'a falcelinta u dhiganta, waa caado caadi ah oo ku jirta isku dhafka PU si sax ah loo xisaabiyo qaddarka isocyanate ee ay cuneen qayb kasta oo ka mid ah qaaciddada:
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Qaacidada: Ws - qaddarka isocyanate
wp-polyeter ama qiyaasta polyesterka
Ep-polyeter ama polyester u dhigma
Es-Isocyanate u dhiganta
Saamiga molarka ee I2-NCO/-OH, taas oo ah, tusaha falcelinta
ρS - daahirnimada isocyanate
Sida aan wada ognahay, marka la isku daro prepolymer ama semi-prepolymer leh qiimo NCO gaar ah, qadarka isocyanate ee loo baahan yahay waxay la xiriirtaa qadarka dhabta ah ee polyetherka iyo nuxurka NCO ee looga baahan yahay prepolymer kama dambaysta ah.Ka dib markii la soo koobay:
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Qaabka: D——jajabka tirada guud ee kooxda NCO ee prepolymer-ka
42—— Qiimaha u dhigma ee NCO
Nidaamka maanta ee dhammaan-MDI foams, MDI-ga miisaanka molecular sare ee polyether-la beddelay ayaa guud ahaan loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo semi-prepolymers, NCO% waxay u dhaxaysaa 25 iyo 29%, markaa caanaha (4) waa mid aad waxtar u leh.
Qaaciddada xisaabinta miisaanka kelli ee u dhexeeya dhibcaha isku-xiran ee la xidhiidha cufnaanta-isku-xidhka ayaa sidoo kale lagula talinayaa, taas oo aad waxtar u leh samaynta qaababka.Haddi ay tahay elastomer ama xumbo adkeysi badan, bartinimadeeda waxa ay si toos ah ula xidhiidhaa cadadka wakiilka isku xidha:
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Qaabka: Mnc——lambar-celcelis ahaan culeyska molecular ee u dhexeeya dhibcaha isku xira
Tusaale ——Qiimaha u dhigma ee wakiilka isku xidhka
Wg—— Qadarka wakiilka isku xidha
WV - qadarka prepolymer
D——NCO waxa ku jira
4 alaabta ceeriin
Qalabka ceeriin ee Polyurethane waxaa loo qaybiyaa saddex qaybood: xeryahooda polyol, xeryahooda polyisocyanate iyo wax lagu daro.Waxaa ka mid ah, polyols iyo polyisocyanates waa alaabta ceeriin ee ugu weyn ee polyurethane, iyo wakiilada kaaliyeyaasha ayaa ah xeryahooda kaaba sifooyinka gaarka ah ee alaabta poliurethane.
Dhammaan xayndaabyada leh kooxaha hydroxyl ee qaab dhismeedka xeryahooda organic waxay ka tirsan yihiin xeryahooda polyol organic.Waxaa ka mid ah, labada xumbo ee poliurethane ee inta badan la isticmaalo waa polyeter polyols iyo polyester polyols.
isku-dhafka polyol
Polyether polyol
Waa xarun oligomeric ah oo leh celceliska miisaanka kelli ee 1000 ~ 7000, taas oo ku salaysan alaabta ceeriin ee warshadaha petrochemical: propylene oxide iyo ethylene oxide, iyo laba iyo saddex xeryood oo ka kooban hydrogen-ka kooban ayaa loo isticmaalaa sidii hindiseyaal, oo la kiciyey iyo polymerized by KOH..
Guud ahaan, miisaanka kelli ee polyether-ka xumbo jilicsan ee caadiga ah waa inta u dhaxaysa 1500 ~ 3000, iyo qiimaha hydroxyl wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 56 ~ 110mgKOH/g.Miisaanka kelli ee polyeter-ka adkeysiga sare waa inta u dhaxaysa 4500 iyo 8000, iyo qiimaha hydroxyl waa inta u dhaxaysa 21 iyo 36 mgKOH/g.
Waxaa xusid mudan in dhowr nooc oo waaweyn oo polyeter polyols ah oo dhawaan la sameeyay sanadihii ugu dambeeyay ay aad faa'iido u leeyihiin si loo hagaajiyo sifooyinka jireed ee xumbo dabacsan ee poliurethane iyo in la yareeyo cufnaanta.
l Polyeter polyether-polymer-grafted polyol (POP), kaas oo wanaajin kara awoodda xajinta ee xumbo jilicsan ee PU, yaraynta cufnaanta, kordhinta heerka furitaanka, iyo ka hortagga hoos u dhaca.Qiyaasta ayaa sidoo kale sii kordheysa maalinba maalinta ka dambeysa
l Polyurea polyether polyol (PHD): Shaqada polyeter-ka waxay la mid tahay polymer polyether polyol, kaas oo hagaajin kara qallafsanaanta, awoodda xajinta, iyo kor u qaadida furitaanka alaabta xumbo.Iska caabbinta ololka waa la kordhiyey, xumbo taxanaha MDI waa is-deminta oo si weyn ayaa looga isticmaalaa Yurub.l-polymer polyether-ka gubanaya: Waa nitrogen-ka kooban caraf udgoon hydrocarbon polymer meeshoodii polyeter polyol, kaas oo aan hagaajin karin oo kaliya culays-xamidda, unug-furan, engegnaanta iyo sifooyinka kale ee alaabta xumbo, laakiin sidoo kale ka dhigi barkinta kursiga PU synthesized. laga bilaabo.Waxay leedahay dib u dhac holac oo sarreeya: tusaha oksijiinta waa mid aad u sarreeya ilaa 28% ama ka badan, qiiqa sii daaya ee hooseeya ≤60%, iyo ololka hooseeya wuxuu ku faafaa xawaaraha.Waa wax aad u fiican baabuurta, tareenada iyo alaabta guriga si ay u sameeyaan barkinta fadhiga
l polyether-ka hooseeya ee unsaturation: Maaddaama ay isticmaasho isku-dhafka birta cyanide ee laba-jibbaaran (DMC) sida kicinta, maadada labajibbaaran ee isku-dhafka ah ee polyether-ka la sameeyay ayaa ka yar 0.010mol / mg, taas oo ah in la yiraahdo, waxa ku jira monool Xarunta hoose, taas oo ah, daahirsanaanta sare, waxay keentaa adkeysiga wanaagsan iyo guryaha isku dhejinta ee xumbo HR oo la farsameeyey iyada oo ku saleysan, iyo sidoo kale xoogga jeexjeexa wanaagsan iyo factor indentation.Soo noqnoqoshada dhawaaqa hoose ee dhawaan la sameeyay, 6Hz heerka gudbinta hoose ee barkinta kursiga baabuurka ayaa aad u wanaagsan.
l Hydrogenated polybutadiene glycol, polyol this ayaa dhawaan loo isticmaalay in alaabta xumbo PU dibadda si aad u wanaajiso sifooyinka jireed ee xumbo, gaar ahaan iska caabinta cimilada, qoyaan iyo kulaylka u adkaysta dhigay iyo dhibaatooyin kale oo sanado badan, si ay barkinta kursiga gaariga. iwm. ayaa lagu isticmaalaa gobollada kulaylaha ee Afrika
l Polyether polyols oo leh maaddada ethylene oxide sare, guud ahaan polyols polyether-ka firfircoon ee firfircoon, si loo hagaajiyo falcelinta polyeter-ka, ku dar 15 ~ 20% EO dhamaadka inta lagu jiro isku-dhafka.Polyeter-ka sare waa content EO ilaa 80%, PO content Taa liddi ku ah, way ka hooseysaa 40%.Waa furaha horumarinta dhammaan MDI taxane PU xumbo jilicsan, kaas oo ay tahay in ay fiiro gaar ah u yeeshaan dadka warshadaha.
l Polyether polyols oo leh firfircooni firfircooni: badiyaa waxay soo bandhigaan kooxaha aminiga ah ee jaamacada leh ee leh sifooyin kicin ah ama ion bir ah qaab dhismeedka polyeterka.Ujeeddadu waa in la dhimo qadarka kicinta ee nidaamka xumbaynta, la dhimo qiimaha VOC iyo atomization hoose ee alaabta xumbo.
l Amino polyeter polyol: polyeter-kani waxa uu leeyahay hawsha ugu wayn ee kicinta, wakhtiga falcelinta oo gaaban, deg deg u dumin, iyo xoog wax soo saarka oo aad u wanaajiyay (gaar ahaan xooga hore), caaryada sii daynta, caabbinta heerkulka, iyo caabbinta dareeraha., heerkulka dhismaha waa la dhimay, baaxadda waa la ballaariyay, waana noocyo cusub oo rajo leh.
polyester polyol
Polyester-ka hore dhamaantood waxay tixraacaan polyester-ku-salaysan adipic acid, suuqa ugu waynna waa xumbo microcellular, kaas oo loo isticmaalo kabaha kabaha.Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, noocyo cusub ayaa soo baxay midba midka kale, ballaarinta codsiga polyols polyester ee PUF.
l Caraf udgoon dicarboxylic acid-la beddelay adipic acid-ku salaysan polyester polyol: inta badan synthesizing polyester polyol by qayb ka beddelo adipic acid phthalic acid ama terephthalic acid, kaas oo hagaajin kara xoogga hore ee alaabta iyo hagaajinaysaa caabbinta qoyaan iyo adkaanta, iyada oo la dhimayo kharashka. ;
l Polycarbonate polyol: Noocan badeecada ah wuxuu si weyn u wanaajin karaa caabbinta hydrolysis, caabbinta cimilada, caabbinta heerkulka iyo adkaanta alaabta xumbo, waana noocyo kala duwan oo rajo leh.
l Poly ε-caprolactone polyol: Xumbada PU ee laga sameeyay waxay leedahay iska caabin heerkul aad u fiican, iska caabbinta hydrolysis iyo caabbinta abrasion, iyo qaar ka mid ah alaabooyinka waxqabadka sare leh waa in laga sameeyaa.
l Aromatic polyester polyol: Waxaa lagu sameeyay isticmaalka dhamaystiran ee alaabta polyester-ka qashinka ah marxaladii hore, waxaana inta badan loo isticmaalaa xumbo adag PU.Hadda waxaa lagu kordhiyey xumbo jilicsan PU, taas oo sidoo kale mudan in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho
Kuwo kale Iskudhis kasta oo leh haydarojiin firfircoon ayaa lagu marsiin karaa PUF.Marka loo eego isbeddelada suuqa iyo shuruudaha ilaalinta deegaanka, waxaa lama huraan ah in si buuxda loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka miyiga oo la soo saaro xumbo jilicsan ee PU biodegradable.
l Saliida Castor-ku-salaysan: Alaabooyinkan waxa hore loogu isticmaalay PUF, badidoodna waxa laga sameeyay saliid saafi ah oo aan la bedelin si loo sameeyo xumbo adag.Waxaan soo jeedinayaa in la isticmaalo tignoolajiyada transesterification, iyo aalkolada miisaanka molecular ee kala duwan ayaa lagu soo bandhigaa saliidda castor si loo soo saaro tilmaamo kala duwan.
Derivatives, waxaa laga samayn karaa PUF jilicsan oo adag oo kala duwan.
l polyols taxane ah oo saliid khudaar ah: Dhawaan ay saameeyeen qiimaha saliidda, badeecadaha noocan oo kale ah ayaa si degdeg ah u horumaray.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, inta badan badeecadaha la warshadeeyay waa saliidda soybean iyo saliidda timirta, sidoo kale saliidda suufka ama saliidda xoolaha ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa in lagu sameeyo alaabooyin taxane ah, kuwaas oo si dhammaystiran looga faa'iidaysan karo, hoos u dhigi kara kharashyada, waana kuwo noolaha iyo deegaanka u wanaagsan. .
polyisocyanate
Laba nooc oo isocyanates ah, TDI iyo MDI, ayaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa soo saarista xumbo poliurethane dabacsan, iyo isku-dhafka TDI/MDI ee la soo saaray ayaa sidoo kale si weyn loogu isticmaalaa taxanaha HR.Shuruudaha ilaalinta deegaanka awgeed, warshadaha baabuurtu waxay leeyihiin shuruudo aad u hooseeya oo loogu talagalay qiimaha VOC ee alaabta xumbo.Sidaa darteed, MDI saafi ah, MDI cayriin iyo MDI wax laga beddelay ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalay xumbo jilicsan ee PU sida alaabta jilicsan ee PU ugu weyn.
isku-dhafka polyol
MDI dareere ah
Pure 4,4′-MDI waa ku adag tahay heerkulka qolka.Waxa loogu yeero MDI liquefied waxaa loola jeedaa MDI oo siyaabo kala duwan wax looga beddelay oo dareere ah heerkulka qolka.Shaqada MDI-da dareeraha ah waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu fahmo MDI kooxeed wax laga beddelay.
l urethane-la beddelay MDI oo leh shaqeyn 2.0;
l Kaarbodiimide-la beddelay MDI oo leh shaqeyn 2.0;
l MDI oo lagu beddelay diazetacyclobutanone imine, shaqeyntu waa 2.2;
l MDI waxaa lagu beddelay urethane iyo diazetidinimine oo leh shaqeynta 2.1.
Badeecooyinkan intooda badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa badeecooyinka la qurxiyey sida HR, RIM, xumbo-maqaarka, iyo xumbo-yaraanta sida kabaha kabaha.
MDI-50
Waa isku darka 4,4′-MDI iyo 2,4′-MDI.Maadaama barta dhalaalka ee 2,4′-MDI ay ka hooseyso heerkulka qolka, qiyaastii 15°C, MDI-50 waa dareere lagu keydiyo heerkulka qolka waana fududahay in la isticmaalo.Fiiro gaar ah u yeelo saamaynta xannibaadda adag ee 2,4′-MDI, taas oo ka falcelin yar jidhka 4,4′ waxaana lagu hagaajin karaa kicinta.
MDI aan fiicneyn ama PAPI
Shaqadeedu waxay u dhaxaysaa 2.5 iyo 2.8, waxaana guud ahaan loo isticmaalaa xumbo adag.Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, sababo la xiriira qiimaha, waxaa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday suuqa xumbo jilicsan, laakiin waa in la ogaadaa in ay sabab u tahay shaqeynteeda sare, waa lagama maarmaan in la yareeyo qadarka isku-dhafka ah ee naqshadeynta caanaha.Wakiilka wadajirka ah, ama kordhi caagadaha gudaha.
Kaaliyaha
kicin
Qalabku wuxuu saameyn weyn ku leeyahay xumbo polyurethane, iyo iyada, wax soo saarka degdega ah ee heerkulka qolka waa la gaari karaa.Waxaa jira laba qaybood oo waaweyn oo kicinta ah: amines sare iyo biraha birta, sida triethylenediamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, methylimidazole, A-1, iwm., dhamaantood waxay ka tirsan yihiin kicinta amine-ka sare, halka octoate stannous, diethylene diamine, iwm. Dibutyltin laurate, potassium. , potassium octoate, bismuth organic, iwm waa kicinta biraha.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, noocyada kala duwan ee daahista, nooca trimerization-ka, nooca kakan iyo nooca-qiimaha-hooseeya ee VOC ayaa la sameeyay, kuwaas oo sidoo kale ku saleysan noocyada kor ku xusan ee kicinta.
Tusaale ahaan, taxanaha Dabco ee shirkadda alaabta gaaska, alaabta ceeriin ee aasaasiga ah waa triethylenediamine:
l Dabco33LV waxa ku jira 33% triethylenediamine/67% dipropylene glycol
l Dabco R8020 Triethylenediamine ka kooban 20%/DMEA80%
l Dabco S25 triethylenediamine ka kooban 25%/butanediol 75%
l Dabco8154 triethylenediamine/asiidh daahday kicinta
Dabco tusaale ahaan Triethylenediamine waxa ku jira 33%/Ethylene Glycol 67%
l Dabco TMR trimerization taxane ah
l Dabco 8264 Xumbo isku-dhafan, Kataliye dheeli tiran
l Dabco XDM ur yar
Marka la eego xaaladda kiciyayaal badan, waa in aan marka hore fahamnaa sifooyinka kala duwan ee kicinta iyo mabaadi'dooda shaqo si loo helo dheelitirka nidaamka polyurethane, taas oo ah, dheelitirka u dhexeeya xawaaraha xumbo iyo xawaaraha gelation;dheelitirka u dhexeeya xawaaraha gelation iyo heerka xumbo, iyo xawaaraha xumbo iyo dheelitirka dareere alaabta, iwm.
Dabaylaha birta ah ayaa dhamaantood ah kiciyayaal nooca jel ah.Daasadaha caadiga ah ee nooca daasadaha ah ayaa leh saameyn xoog leh oo jel ah, laakiin faa'iido darrooyinkooda ayaa ah in aysan u adkeysaneynin hydrolysis oo ay leeyihiin caabbinta kulaylka ee liidata.Soo ifbaxa dhawaanahan ee kicinta bismuth organic waa inay soo jiidataa dareenka.Ma aha oo kaliya inay leedahay shaqada kicinta tin, laakiin sidoo kale waxay leedahay caabbinta hydrolysis wanaagsan iyo caabbinta kulaylka, taas oo aad ugu habboon walxaha isku dhafan.
xasiliyaha xumbo
Waxay ka ciyaartaa doorka emulsifying sheyga xumbo, xasilinta xumbo iyo hagaajinta unugga, waxayna kordhisaa milanka wadajirka ah ee qayb kasta, taas oo caawinaysa samaynta goobooyin, koontaroolaya xajmiga iyo isku midka ah ee unugyada, waxayna kor u qaadaa dheelitirka xiisadda xumbo.Darbiyadu waa dabacsan yihiin si ay unugyadu u hayaan ugana hortagaan burburka.In kasta oo xaddiga xajinta xumbadu ay yar tahay, waxay saamayn weyn ku leedahay qaab-dhismeedka unugga, sifooyinka jidhka iyo habka wax soo saarka ee xumbo dabacsan oo PU ah.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, oligomers-ka silikoon/polyoxyalkylene ether-u adkaysta ayaa laga isticmaalaa Shiinaha.Iyadoo loo eegayo codsiga hababka kala duwan ee xumbo, saamiga qaybta hydrophobic / qaybta hydrophilic waa ka duwan yahay, iyo isbeddelka isku xirka silsiladda dhamaadka qaab dhismeedka block waa ka duwan yahay., si loo soo saaro stabilizers silicon ee alaabta xumbo ee kala duwan.Sidaa darteed, markaad dooranayso xasiliyaha xumbo, waa inaad fahamtaa shaqadeeda iyo shaqadeeda, ha ilaawin, ha u isticmaalin si aan kala sooc lahayn, oo keena cawaaqib xumo.Tusaale ahaan, saliid silikoon xumbo jilicsan laguma mari karo xumbo adkeysi badan, haddii kale waxay keenaysaa xumbo xumbo, iyo saliidda silikoon ee adkeysiga sare leh lama mari karo si loo xakameeyo xumbo jilicsan, haddii kale waxay sababi doontaa burburka xumbo.
Baahida ilaalinta deegaanka awgeed, baabuurta iyo warshadaha alaabtu waxay u baahan yihiin alaab leh atomization hoose iyo qiimaha VOC hoose.Shirkado kala duwan ayaa si isdaba joog ah u soo saaray atomization hooseeya iyo xasilinta xumbo qiimo hoose oo VOC ah, sida Dabco DC6070 oo ay bilawday Shirkada Gas Products Company, kaas oo ah saliid silikoon ah oo atomization hooseeya nidaamka TDI.;Dabco DC2525 waa saliid silikoon ceeryaamo hoose leh oo loogu talagalay nidaamyada MDI.
wakiilka xumbo
Wakiilka xumbo-xumada ee xumbo jilicsan ee PU waa badiyaa biyo, oo ay kaabayaan walxaha kale ee xumbo-samaynta.In wax soo saarka ee xumbo block, iyadoo la tixgelinayo qadarka weyn ee biyaha ee alaabta cufnaanta hoose, inta badan ka badan 4.5 qaybo ka mid ah 100 qaybood waxay keeni doontaa in heerkulka gudaha ee xumbo kor u kaco, ka badan 170 ~ 180 ° C, taasoo keentay in gubasho lama filaan ah. xumbo, iyo wakiilka xumbo kaarboonka ee karkarin hooseeya waa in la isticmaalaa.Mid ka mid ah wuxuu caawiyaa dhimista cufnaanta, kan kalena wuxuu saarayaa xaddi badan oo kulaylka falcelinta.Waagii hore, isku darka biyaha/F11 ayaa la isticmaalay.Arrimaha ilaalinta deegaanka awgeed, F11 waa la mamnuucay.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, badi badeecooyinka taxanaha ah ee biyaha ku-meel-gaarka ah/dichloromethane iyo taxanaha biyaha/HCFC-141b ayaa la isticmaalaa.Sababtoo ah badeecooyinka taxanaha ah ee dichloromethane sidoo kale waxay wasakheeyaan jawiga, waa dabeecad ku-meel-gaar ah, halka alaabooyinka taxanaha HFC: HFC-245fa, -356mfc, iwm. Si loo daboolo baahiyaha dhimista heerka heerkulka, dadku waxay soo bandhigeen habab cusub, tignoolajiyada xumbo-xumaynta cadaadiska xun, tignoolajiyada qaboojinta qasabka ah iyo tignoolajiyada dareeraha CO2 si loo xalliyo dhibaatada, ujeedadu waa in la yareeyo tirada biyaha ama la yareeyo heerkulka gudaha. ee xumbo.
Waxaan kugula talinayaa tiknooloojiyada dareeraha ah ee CO2 ee wax soo saarka xumbo-gooyada, taas oo ku habboon ganacsiyada yaryar iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah.Tignoolajiyada LCO2, 4 qaybood oo LCO2 ah ayaa u dhigma 13 qaybood oo MC ah.Xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya isticmaalka biyaha iyo dareeraha CO2 ee loo isticmaalo in lagu soo saaro xumbo cufnaanta kala duwan Cufnaanta xumbo, kg/m3 biyaha, qaybo badan oo LCO2, qaybo u dhigma MC, qaybo by cuf.
13.34.86.520.0
15.24.55.015.3
16.04.54.012.3
17.33.94.313.1
27.72.52.06.2
olol celin
Dab-demiska iyo ka-hortagga dabka ayaa ah welwelka dadka mar walba.Dalkayga cusub ee la sii daayay "Shuruudaha iyo Heerarka Waxqabadka Gubashada Alaabooyinka Dib u Celinta Ololka iyo Qaybaha Goobaha Dadweynaha" GB20286-2006 waxay leedahay shuruudo cusub oo dib u dhigista ololka.Waayo, darajada 1 xumbo ee ololka Shuruudaha caagga ah: a), heerka sii daynta kulaylka ugu sarreeya ≤ 250KW/m2;b), celceliska wakhtiga gubashada ≤ 30s, celceliska dhererka gubashada ≤ 250mm;c), darajada cufnaanta qiiqa (SDR) ≤ 75;d), heerka sunta qiiqa Aan ka yarayn heerka 2A2
Taas oo ah in la yiraahdo: Saddex arrimood waa in la tixgeliyo: ololka celinaya, qiiq yar, iyo sunta qiiqa oo hooseeya.Si loo soo bandhigo shuruudaha sare ee xulashada ololka dabka, marka loo eego heerarka kor ku xusan, waxaan aaminsanahay in ay ugu fiican tahay in la doorto noocyo samayn kara lakab karbon oo qaro leh oo sii daaya qiiq aan sun ahayn ama sun yar.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxa aad ku haboon in la isticmaalo fosfate ester-ku salaysan sare ee miisaanka keleekul retardants, ama hydrocarbons udgoon-free halogen-free heerkulka sare u adkaysta noocyo heterocyclic, iwm Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, dalalka shisheeye horumariyo balaariyay graphite olol retardant PU xumbo dabacsan. ama nitrogen heterocyclic flame retardant Daawadu waa sax.
kale
Waxyaabaha kale ee lagu daro inta badan waxaa ka mid ah: furayaasha daloolka, wakiilada iskutallaabta, antioxidants, wakiilada anti-ceeryada, iwm. Marka la dooranayo, saameynta wax lagu daro ee waxqabadka alaabta PU waa in la tixgeliyaa, iyo sidoo kale sunta, socdaalka, waafaqsanaanta, iwm. su'aal
5 alaab
Si loo sii fahmo xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya qaacidada iyo waxqabadka xumbo jilicsan ee PU, dhawr tusaale oo wakiil ah ayaa loo soo bandhigay tixraac ahaan:
1. caanaha caadiga ah iyo sifooyinka block polyether PU xumbo jilicsan
Polyether triol 100pbw TDI80/20 46.0pbw Organotin kicinta 0.4pbw Tertiary amine kiciyaha 0.2pbw Silicon foam stabilizer ,% 220 Xoogga jeexjeexa, N/m 385 set cadaadis, 50% 6 90% 6 Cavitation load, kg (38cm×35.6cm×10cm) Qallafsanaan 25% 13.6 65% 25.6 Kubbada soo laabashada, % 38 Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, si loola kulmo Baahiyaha suuqa, ganacsiyada qaar ayaa inta badan soo saara xumbo cuf yar (10kg/m3).Marka la soo saarayo xumbo dabacsan oo cufnaanta aadka u hooseeya, maahan in la kordhiyo wakiilka xumboynta iyo kaaliyaha xumbo-samaynta.Waxa la samayn karo sidoo kale waa in lagu wanaajiyaa silikoon surfactant ah oo xasiloon oo aad u sarreeya iyo kicinta.
Soo saarista cufnaanta hoose ultra-hoose cufnaanta dabacsan ee foomamka tixraaca: magaca cufnaanta dhexdhexaadka ah cufnaanta ultra-hoose
Sanduuqa joogtada ah ee sanduuqa polyether polyol 100100100100100 Biyaha 3.03.04.55.56.6 A-33 kicinta 0.20.20.20.250.18 Silicon surfactant B-81101.01.21.10n .40 Wakiilka 7.57.512.515.034.0 TDI80/2041.444.056.073 .0103.0 Cufnaanta, kg/m3 23.023.016.514.08.0
Foomamka xumbo cylindrical: nooca EO/PO polyether polyol (OH:56) 100pbw Biyaha 6.43pbw MC wakiilka xumbo 52.5pbw Silicon surfactant L-628 6.50pbw Catalyst A230 0.44pbw Stannous95pw09 octoate xikmadda 139pbw cufnaanta xumbo, kg/m3 7.5
2. Wakiilka dareeraha CO2 ee isku xidha xumbo si uu u sameeyo xumbo cufan yar
Polyether triol (Mn3000) 100 100 Biyaha 4.9 5.2 dareeraha CO2 2.5 3.3 Silicone surfactant L631 1.5 1.75 B8404 Amine catalyst A133 0.28 0.30 Stanous octoate 0.140 80/20 cufnaanta xumbo, kg/m3 16 16
Qaabka caadiga ah waa sida soo socota: Polyether triol (Mn3000) 100pbw Biyaha 4.0pbw LCO2 4.0 ~ 5.5pbw Catalyst A33 0.25pbw Silicon surfactant SC155 1.35pbw Stannous octoate D19 0.208kg8 14.0 ~ 16.5
3. Full MDI cufnaanta hoose ee polyurethane xumbo jilicsan
Xumbada caaryada leh ee jilicsan ee PU ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa soo saarista barkinta kursiga gaariga.Yaraynta cufnaanta iyada oo aan saameyn ku yeelan sifooyinka jireed waa yoolka horumarka
Formula: Polyeter-ka firfircoonida sarreeya (OH: 26 ~ 30mgKOH/g) 80pbw Polymer polyol (OH: 23 ~ 27mgKOH/g) 20pbw wakiilka iskutallaabaha pbw MDI index 90pbw Performance: Cufnaanta xumbo xarunta 34.5kg/m3 Adag ILD25% 15.0kg/314cm2 Xoog jeexjeexa 0.8kg/cm Xoog xajin 1.34kg/cm2 Kordhinta 120% Dib u celinta 13.5%
4. Cufnaanta hoose, barkinta kursiga gaariga ee MDI-ga oo buuxa
homologue ee saafiga ah MDI: M50-taasi waa, sheyga 4,4'MDI 50% 2,4'MDI 50%, waxaa lagu xumbo karaa heerkulka qolka, hagaajinaysaa dheecaanka, hoos u cufnaanta alaabta, iyo dhimaya miisaanka gaariga, taas oo ah. aad u rajo badan.Alaabta:
Qaab-dhismeedka: polyther-ka firfircoon ee firfircoon ee polylol
Qalabka jireed: Waqtiga sawir qaadista 62 Waqtiga kor u kaca (s) 98 Cufnaanta xumbo bilaashka ah, kg/m3 32.7 culeyska culeyska leexinta, kpa: 40% 1.5 Ballaarinta, % 180 Xoogga ilmada, N/m 220
Fiiro gaar ah: *310 Kaaliyaha: Waan iibiyaa, waa silsilad fidiye gaar ah.
5. Adkeysi sare, fuushan raaxo leh xumbo PU
Dhowaan, suuqu waxa uu dalbaday in sifooyinka jireed ee barkinta xumbo-xumada ay ahaato mid aan isbeddelin, laakiin dadku ma daalan doonaan oo dhaqdhaqaaqa jirrada barkimooyin tayo sare leh ka dib baabuur wadid waqti dheer ah.Baaritaanka ka dib, xubnaha gudaha ee jirka bini'aadamka, gaar ahaan caloosha, waxay leeyihiin soo noqnoqda qiyaastii 6Hz.Haddii resonance dhaco, waxay keeni doontaa lallabbo iyo matag
Guud ahaan, gudbinta gariirka ee xumbo adkeysiga sare ee 6Hz waa 1.1 ~ 1.3, taas oo ah in la yiraahdo, marka baabuurku socdo, ma daciifo laakiin wuu kordhaa, qaar ka mid ah alaabta caanaha ayaa yareyn kara gariirka ilaa 0.8 ~ 0.9.Habka wax soo saarka ayaa hadda lagu talinayaa, iyo gudbintiisa gariirka 6Hz waa heerka 0.5 ~ 0.55.
Samaynta: Dhaqdhaqaaqa sare ee polyether polyol (Mn6000) 100pbw Silicon surfactant SRX-274C 1.0pbw Tertiary amine catalyst, Minico L-1020 0.4pbw Tertiary amine catalyst, Minico TMDA 0.15pbw% 3ocyanp 100
Qalabka jirka: cufnaanta guud, kg/m3 48.0 25%ILD, kg/314cm2 19.9 Dib u soo celin, % 74 50% cadaadis
Xoog yaraanta, (qallalan) 1.9 (Qyan) 2.5 6Hz Gudbinta gariirka 0.55
6. Dib-u-soo-kabashada tartiib-tartiib ah ama xumbo viscoelastic ah
Waxa loogu yeero xumbo PU oo tartiib tartiib ah ayaa loola jeedaa xumbo aan dib loogu soo celin qaabkeedii asalka ahaa isla markiiba ka dib xumbadu waxay qalloocisay xoog dibadeed, laakiin si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa loo soo celiyay iyada oo aan la hayn hadhaaga dusha sare.Waxay leedahay barkin aad u fiican, dahaarka dhawaaqa, shaabadeynta iyo waxyaabo kale.Waxa loo isticmaali karaa xakamaynta sanqadha matoorada baabuurta, roogaga gadaal ka riixaya, alaabta carruurtu ku ciyaarto iyo barkimooyinka caafimaadka.
Qaaciddada Tusaale: Polyeter-ka firfircoonida sare (OH34) 40 ~ 60pbw Polymer polyether (OH28) 60~40 pbw Iskutallaab-xabag ah ZY-108* 80~100 pbw L-580 1.5 pbw Catalyst 1.8~2.5 pbw Biyaha * 1.05 pbw Xusuusin: * ZY-108, oo ah isku-dhafan polyeter-ka culeyska hooseeya ee kala duwan ** PM-200, isku-dar ah MDI-100 dareere ah, labaduba waa alaabooyinka Wanhua Guryaha: Cufnaanta xumbo, kg / m3 150 ~ 165 Hardness, Shore A 18 ~ 15 Xoogga ilmada, kN/m 0.87 ~ 0.76 Kordhinta, % 90 ~ 130 heerka dib u soo celinta, % 9 ~ 7 wakhtiga soo kabashada, ilbiriqsiyo 7 ~ 10
7. Nooc Polyether-ka xumbo-maqaar-maqaar ah oo iska leh oo adkaysi u leh daalka malaayiin jeer
Xumbada waxaa lagu marsiin karaa PU soles iyo isteerinka
实例： DaltocelF-435 31.64 pbw Arcol34-28 10.0 pbw DaltocelF-481 44.72 pbw Arcol2580 3.0 pbw 乙二醇6.0 pbw 催剹1027 0.3 pbw 硅表面活性剂DC-193 0.3 pbw L1 412T 1.5 pbw Biyaha 0.44 pbw MDI Suprasec2433 71 pbw La beddelay
Qalabka jirka: cufnaanta xumbo: qiyaastii 0.5g∕cm3 β-suunka leexinta, KCS 35～50, aad u wanaagsan
8. Ololka retardanant, qiiq yar, xumbo adkeysi badan
Horumarka degdega ah ee dhaqaalaha qaranka, waaxyaha kala duwani waxay leeyihiin shuruudo sare oo sarreeya oo loogu talagalay dib u dhigista ololka alaabta xumbo, gaar ahaan duulista, baabuurta, baabuurta rakaabka xawaaraha sare leh, iyo fadhiga guriga, iwm. Nontoxic.
Marka la eego xaaladda kor ku xusan, qoraaga iyo asxaabtiisuba waxay soo saareen darajada ololka (oxygen index 28 ~ 30%), kaas oo leh cufnaanta qiiqa aad u hooseeya (qiimaha caalamiga ah waa 74, badeecadanina waa 50 kaliya), iyo dib u soo noqoshada xumbodu waxba iskama beddelin.Waxay soo saartaa qiiq cad.
qaacidada Tusaale: YB-3081 holac retardant polyether 50 pbw Dhaqdhaqaaqa sare polyeter (OH34) 50 pbw Silicone surfactant B 8681 0.8~1.0 pbw Biyaha 2.4~2.6 pbw DEOA 1.5~3 pbw DEOA 1.5~3 pbw Catalyst0.5
Qalabka jireed: cufnaanta xumbo, kg / m3 ≥50 xoogga culeyska, kPa 5.5 xoogga xajinta, kPa 124 heerka dib u soo celinta,% ≥60 deformation cadaadis cadaadis, 75% ≤8 Oxygen index, OI% ≥ 28 cufnaanta qiiqa ≤50
9. Biyuhu waa wakiilka xumbo-samaynta, dhammaan xumbo-maqaarka deegaanka u fiican
HCFC-141b wakiilka xumbo ayaa gabi ahaanba laga mamnuucay wadamada shisheeye.Wakiilka xumboynta CP waa guban kara.HFC-245fa iyo HFC-365mfc wakiilka xumbo waa qaali lamana aqbali karo.Xumbo maqaar.Waagii hore, shaqaalaha PU ee gudaha iyo dibedda kaliya waxay fiiro gaar ah u lahaayeen wax ka beddelka polyether iyo isocyanate, sidaas darteed lakabka sare ee xumbo ma cadda, cufnaantana way sarraysay.
Waxa hadda lagu taliyay noocyo qaacidooyin ah, kuwaas oo lagu garto:
l-polyolka aasaasiga ah ee polyeter-ka ayaa weli ah mid aan isbeddelin, waxaana la isticmaalaa Mn5000 ama 6000 caadiga ah.·
l Isocyanate-ka ayaa ah mid aan isbeddelin, C-MDI, PAPI ama MDI la beddelay ayaa la isticmaali karaa.
Isticmaal wax lagu daro gaar ah SH-140 si aad u xalliso dhibaatada.·
formula aasaasiga ah:
l Triol polyether firfircoon oo sarreeya Mn5000 65pbw
l SH-140* 35pbw
l Silsiladda fidiyaha: 1,4-butanediol 5pbw
l Wakiilka isku-xiran: glycerol 1.7pbw
l Wakiilka furitaanka: K-6530 0.2 ~ 0.5pbw
l Catalyst A-2 1.2 ~ 1.3pbw
l Ku dhaji midabka qaddarka ku habboon l Biyo 0.5pbw
l MR-200 45pbw
Xusuusin: *SH-140 waa badeecadeena.
Qalabka jirka: cufnaanta guud ee xumbo waa 340 ~ 350kg / m3
Alaabooyinka: dusha siman, qolof cad, cufnaanta hoose.
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-12-2022